Comparison and/or Contrast



Anorexia vs Bulimia

Anorexia nervosa can be considered an alteration by default, habits and / or involved in feeding behavior. People who have spent most of his time to food items and everything related to it. The preoccupation with food and fear of gaining weight are the essence of this disorder, along with personal insecurity to deal with this problem. They deny the disease and collecting fat somewhere on her body despite having a skeletal appearance. Menstrual irregularity and occurs later amenorrhea or impotence in men.
Pathological behavior
Restrictive eating (small amounts of food) or severe diets. Food rituals such as counting calories, cut up food into small pieces, prepare food for others and eat ... Intense fear of gaining weight, fighting to keep their weight below normal. Fear of being forced to eat in society (parties, family gatherings ,...). Hyperactivity (excessive gymnastics or other sports). Hide the body under baggy clothes. Refusing to wear swimsuit and see his body. Sometimes, binge eating and using laxatives or diuretics. Abuse sweeteners.
Physiological signs
Progressive weight loss (often happens in a short period). Lack of menstruation or late appearance no known physiological cause. Pallor, hair loss, feeling cold and bluish fingers. Weakness and dizziness.
Changing attitudes
Character change (irritability, anger). Feelings of depression. Uncertainty as to their capabilities. Feelings of guilt and worthlessness for eating or fasting. Social isolation.Symptoms of anorexia
* Refusal to maintain body weight over minimum normal weight for age and height stop, for example, loss of weight despite maintaining targeted 15 percent below expected
* Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even when you are underweight.
* Distorted perception of weight, size or shape of your body.
* In women, the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles.


 Bulimia as a symptom, describe uncontrollable episodes of binge eating. Syndrome refers to a consistent set of symptoms among which is the preoccupation with weight and body shape, loss of control over eating and adopting strategies to counteract the fattening effects of bulimic symptoms. The patient feels a compelling need to ingest large amounts of food, usually high in calories. Once we finished eating, the patient autorrepulsa invade and strong feelings of guilt. This leads him to mitigate the effects, self-induced vomiting among other strategies.
Pathological behavior
Constant concern about food (speaking of weight, calories, diet ...). Binge eat compulsively, hide food. Fear of gaining weight. Avoid the act of going to restaurants or parties and meetings where you may be forced to eat socially. Go to the bathroom after eating. Self-induced vomiting, abuse laxatives or diuretics. Drugs used for weight loss. Make strict and rigid systems. It has an addictive behavior with sweeteners.
Physiological signs
Inflammation of the parotid. Small burst veins on the face or under the eyes. Chronic irritation of the throat. Fatigue and muscle aches. Unexplained loss of teeth. Oscillations of weight (5 or 10 kg, up or down).
Changing attitudes
Changes in the nature (depression, feelings of guilt or self-hatred, sadness, feelings of lack of control ...) Severe self-criticism. Need to be approved by others about him. Self-esteem changes in relation to body weight.Bulimia symptoms
* Recurrent episodes of binge eating.
* A sense of loss of self-control during binge eating.
* The regular use of self-induced vomiting, laxatives or diuretics, strict dieting or fasting, or high-energy exercise to prevent weight gain.
* A minimum of two binge eating episodes a week for at least three months.
* Extreme preoccupation with body shape and weight. Bulimics are continually obsessed with their appearance and work hard to be as attractive as possible.
* A history of frequent dieting. Many studies have shown that most people who develop bulimia have been frequent attempts to control their weight.
* Symptoms of depression. Include gloomy or pessimistic thoughts, recurrent thoughts of suicide, poor attention span or increased irritability.
* Excessive fear of becoming fat. In a recent study, 92 percent of bulimic patients surveyed said they felt panic or great fear of gaining weight.
* Eat a secret or unnoticed as possible
* Maintain at least a minimal normal weight standard. Unlike anorexics, bulimics do not have a gaunt figure that betray. Of course, many women with anorexia also develop bulimia.

Source: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/buliano/buliano.shtml

Cause & Effect



Cholera

Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which manifests as an intestinal infection. Experts maintain that probably came to Europe from India, and soon began to take lives in eastern and central Europe in the early decades of the nineteenth century. In Hungary we have the first records in 1830 and by 1831 had claimed about 300,000 victims. [1] quickly spread through France, Italy, Germany and England and not knowing exactly the nature of the disease for a couple of decades, finally it was discovered by Filippo Pacini in 1854, and later Jaume Ferran i Clua developed the first vaccine. The infection is usually mild or asymptomatic, but sometimes can be severe. About one in 20 infected persons may have the disease in serious condition characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without proper treatment, death can occur within a few hours. Cholera epidemic has produced several, some of them almost worldwide range, such as that, starting in India (Bengal area), swept Europe and America in the early nineteenth century. In January 1991 an epidemic of cholera emerged in several countries in northern South America to spread quickly. The most recent outbreak of cholera is registered in Haiti, because of the ravages of the earthquake in January 2010. As a result, the Dominican Republic and all of America is at risk of contracting the disease. [Citation needed] Cholera has been rare in industrialized countries over the past 100 years, however, this disease is still common in other parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. A person may get cholera by drinking fluids or eating food contaminated with cholera bacteria. During an epidemic, the source of contamination is usually the feces of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of drinking water and wastewater. The cholera bacterium may also live in rivers and coastal waters healthy. It is uncommon for cholera transmission directly from one person to another, therefore, casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for the disease.

Source: http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/es/remedy/Cholera.html

Process



 Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen (N), the building blocks of life, is an essential component of DNA, RNA, and proteins. All organisms require nitrogen to live and grow. Although most of the air we breathe is N2, most of the nitrogen in the atmosphere is not available for use by the agencies. The reason is that because the strong triple bond between atoms N in the N2 molecules, nitrogen is relatively inert. In fact, for plants and animals can use nitrogen, N2 gas must first be converted to a chemical form available as ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3-), or organic nitrogen (eg urea - ( NH3) 2CO). The inert nature of N 2 means that biologically available nitrogen is often scarce in natural ecosystems. This limits the plant growth and biomass accumulation. Nitrogen is an incredibly versatile element that exists in both inorganic and organic, while in many different oxidation states. The movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere in different forms is described in the nitrogen cycle (Figure 1). This is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles. Like the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle consists of several banks or storage bags of nitrogen and processes by which the stock exchange nitrogen (arrows).
  The main processes that make up the nitrogen cycle that passes through the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are five: the fixation of nitrogen, making nitrogen (growth of organisms), nitrogen mineralization (decay), nitrification and denitrification. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, play an important role in all the major transformations of nitrogen. As microbial mediation processes, these nitrogen transformations generally occur faster than geological processes such as plate movement is a purely physical process that is part of the carbon cycle. In the case of microbial mediation processes, speed is affected by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and availability of resources that influence microbial activity. Nitrogen Fixation NH4 + N2 Nitrogen fixation is a process in which the N2 becomes ammonium. This is essential because it is the only way in which agencies can obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. Some bacteria, eg Rhizobium, are the only organisms that fix nitrogen through metabolic processes. This symbiosis occurs in a well-known in the family of legumes (eg beans, peas and clover). In this respect, the nitrogen fixing bacteria inhabiting the root nodules of legumes (Figure 2) and receive carbohydrates and a favorable environment of their host plant in exchange for part of the nitrogen fixing them. There are also nitrogen-fixing bacteria that exist without plant hosts. These are called nitrogen fixing free of restrictions. In aquatic environments, blue-green algae (actually a bacteria called cyanobacteria) is an important nitrogen fixing free of restrictions. In addition to the nitrogen fixing bacteria, natural high-energy events such as lightning, forest fires and even lava flows can cause the fixation of small but significant amounts of nitrogen. (Figure 3). The high energy of these natural phenomena can break the triple bonds of the molecules of N2, achievable by individual atoms of N for the chemical transformation. During the last century, humans have become stationary sources of nitrogen, as important as all natural sources combined nitrogen, fossil fuel burning, using synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and cultivating nitrogen-fixing legumes. Through these actvidades, humans have doubled the amount of fixed nitrogen is dispersed into the biosphere each year (Figure 3). Then we discuss the consequences of this process.
  Nitrogen making NH4 + Organic N Ammonia produced by nitrogen fixing bacteria is usually quickly incorporated into protein and other organic nitrogen compounds, either by the host plant for the same bacteria, or another soil organism. When organisms nearer the top of the food chain (like us!) Eat, use the nitrogen that has been initially set by the nitrogen fixing bacteria. Nitrogen mineralization Organic N NH4 + After the nitrogen is incorporated into organic matter, often converted back into inorganic nitrogen through a process called nitrogen mineralization, also known as disintegration. When organisms die, the decomposing materials (such as bacteria and fungi) consume the organic matter and lead to the decomposition process. During this process, a significant amount of nitrogen contained within the dead organism is converted to ammonium. Once nitrogen is in ammonium form is also available for use by plants or for further processing into nitrate (NO3-) through a process called nitrification. Nitrification NH4 + NO3-Part of the ammonium produced by decomposition is converted to nitrate through a process called nitrification. The bacteria that perform this reaction get energy from itself. Nitrification requires the presence of oxygen. Consequently, nitrification can happen only in oxygen-rich environments, such as water circulating or flowing and the surface layers of soil and sediment. The process of nitrification has some important consequences. Ammonium ions are positively charged and therefore stick to particles and soil organic matter are negatively charged. The positive charge prevents ammonium nitrogen is swept (or leachate) from the soil by rain. On the other hand, the nitrate ion with negative charge is not retained in soil particles and can be wiped off the soil profile. This leads to a decrease in soil fertility and nitrate enrichment of running water from the surface and subsurface. The Denitrification NO3-N2 + N2O Through denitrification, oxidized forms of nitrogen such as nitrate and nitrite (NO2-) are converted to dinitrogen (N2) and to a lesser extent, nitrous oxide gas. Denitrification is an anaerobic process carried out by bacteria that denitrifica, which converts nitrate to dinitrogen in the following sequence: NO3-NO2-N2 N2O NO. Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide gases are important for the environment. Nitric oxide (NO) helps to form smog, and nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas, thus contributing to global climate change. Once conviete in dinitrogen, nitrogen is unlikely to be converted into a biologically available because it is a gas and is rapidly lost into the atmosphere. Denitrification is the only nitrogen transformation that removes nitrogen from the ecosystem (which is essentially irreversible), and about balancing the amount of nitrogen fixed by nitrogen fixing described above. 

Source: http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=98&l=s



Classification



Soil Classification  
The joint action of the factors that influence the formation and evolution of the soil leads to the development of different profiles or soil types. The same classification can be based on various criteria. Among others, we can cite:
 * Intrinsic soil characteristics, dependent on the genetic processes that develop them.
  
 * Soil properties such as permeability, salinity, composition, ... and that are closely related to training factors.
     
* Depending on your aptitude for different uses, mainly agricultural.  
It is common to perform a first grouping based on the predominant factor or factors in their development. Thus, we distinguish between:

    * Soil azonal: they correspond to immature soils, found in the early stages of development for not acting edafogenticos factors for long enough (aclimácicos), in which the characters are predominant due to the type of bedrock. Are present for example on recent sediments (allochthonous), deserts, frozen ground.
   
 * Soil Intrazonal: are conducted under conditions in which factors predominate edafogenéticos liabilities, such as bedrock, slope, human action ... These soils are acclimated, as the weather is a determining factor in their formation, and (climax).
   
 * Soil zones: developed under the action of the active factors of soil formation, especially the weather, for long enough. They are, therefore, climax and climate. It is mature and well-evolved soil.

Source: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos33/suelos/suelos.shtml#criter

Definition

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Topics of interest to psychologists have included the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, languaje, thought, intelligence, growth and development, personality, stress, abnormal behavior, ways of treating abnormal behavior, sexual behavior, and the behavior of people in social setting such as groups and organizations.

Not all psychologists will be satisfied by our definition of psychology as the science of behavior and mental processes. Many psychologists, especially behaviorists, prefer to limit the scope of psychology to overt, or observable, behavior, to activities such as pressing a lever; turning left or right; eating and mating; or even involuntary body functions such as heart rate, dilation of the pupils of the eyes, blood pressure, or emision of brain waves. All these behaviors are public. They can be measured by simple observation or by laboratory instruments. Even the emission of brain waves is made public by scientific instruments, and diverse observers would readily agree about their existence and characteristics. Other psychologists, focus on our mental representations of the world our memories, our strategies for solving problems, even our biases and prejudices.


Source: "Psychology" by Spencer A. Rathus.

Definition provided: Psychology

Glossary

*Science: The systematic observation and investigation of and experimentation with natural phenomena in order to learn about them and formulate laws.

*Thought: The faculty or power of reasoning.

*Behavior: To act or conduct (oneself) in a suitable, polite, or orderly way.

*Overt: Not hidden or secret, open.

*Brain: To mass of nervous tissue enclosed in the skull of humans and higher animals, that controls thoughts and activities.

*Cognitive: The combination of mental activities that enable a person to experience and learn about his or her environment.

WELCOME

This is a blog for our reading course. This blog will develop activities that involve the main rhetorical functions such as definition, classification, comparison and/or contrast, process, cause and effect and summarizing. I hope you like it and will help them.